AT A GLANCE

Nevada


California has taken a major step forward on repair rights. In 2023, the state passed the Right to Repair Act (SB 244), requiring manufacturers of consumer electronics and home appliances to make repair manuals, diagnostic tools, and replacement parts available to consumers and independent repair shops on fair and reasonable terms. The law applies to many products first sold or used in California on or after July 1, 2021, helping ensure Californians have real options to fix the devices and appliances they own.

SB 244 expands access to repair beyond manufacturer-authorized service providers. By requiring manufacturers to share the tools, parts, and documentation needed to diagnose, maintain, and restore products to full functionality—within defined timeframes—the law reduces unnecessary barriers to repair, lowers costs for consumers, and helps keep usable products out of landfills. California’s Right to Repair law took effect on July 1, 2024.

Read SB 244

$382

Californians are expected to save an average of $382 per year by repairing phones, computers, and appliances instead of purchasing new ones, addressing the financial burden placed on consumers due to restrictive repair practices by manufacturers.

46,000

Every day in the state of California 46,000 cell phones are discarded, adding to our 6.9 million tons of e-waste per year. Repairing products instead of throwing them away can help reduce the amount of waste that ends up in landfills, which can help reduce the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere.

Source: CALPIRG.

75%

There is overwhelming support for the Right to Repair in Caliofrnia, with 75% of residents surveyed backing legislation that would require manufacturers to provide the necessary tools, parts, and information for product repairs, showcasing a public demand for more repair-friendly policies .

Here’s how this groundbreaking law stands to benefit consumers, the economy, and the planet:

  • Consumer Empowerment: California’s Right to Repair law is a game-changer for consumer empowerment and financial savings. By breaking down the monopolistic barriers erected by manufacturers—such as proprietary parts and software locks—this legislation enables Californians to choose their repair provider or to perform repairs themselves. This newfound freedom promises significant economic benefits, notably the potential for households to save money. According to the U.S. PIRG study “Repair Saves People Big”, repair could save at least $330 per household.

    Beyond individual savings, this law fosters a competitive repair market, stimulating local economies and encouraging a sustainable culture of reuse over replacement. In essence, the Right to Repair empowers Californians with the autonomy over their devices they rightfully deserve, making repairs more accessible, affordable, and beneficial for the environment.

  • Repair Is Necessary and Popular: Consumer Reports reveals that an overwhelming majority of Americans (81%) have found themselves replacing items due to malfunction, and over half (53%) have done so earlier than anticipated, hindered by the difficulty in locating a satisfactory repair service. This frustration, coupled with the often prohibitive costs of repairs, has led a significant majority (84%) to endorse policies mandating manufacturers to provide access to repair manuals and parts to both independent technicians and owners alike.

    In California, this sentiment resonates strongly, with CALPIRG reporting that 75% of all residents support Right to Repair legislation. Support is strong across the political spectrum: 77% of Democrats, 61% of Republicans, and 82% of non-affiliated voters indicated their support. This broad-based support underscores the public's desire for more sustainable consumption options and the empowerment to choose repair over replacement, reflecting a nationwide call for change towards greater repairability and longevity of products.

  • Repair Benefits the Environment: The increase of electronic waste presents a significant environmental challenge. On average, Americans replace their cell phones every 2 to 3 years and their computers every 4 to 5 years, contributing to a cycle that demands intensive rare earth mining, generates greenhouse gas emissions, and produces hazardous waste. Every day, over 400,000 cell phones are discarded in the U.S., with approximately 46,000 of these ending up in California alone. Of these discarded devices, merely a third are recycled, with certain materials, like plastics, being non-recoverable. The remainder ends up in landfills, leaking toxic substances that pose risks to our health.

    The solution lies in repairing and extending the life of our electronics. Despite this, manufacturers continue to push for annual upgrades, often designing devices to be difficult to repair. This business model of consumption and disposal is not just unsustainable; it disregards the energy, materials, and labor invested in producing these devices. Creating a future where we prioritize repairing, salvaging, and refurbishing our electronics is crucial for environmental sustainability. Adopting a circular economy, where resources are reused and conserved, is essential. Repairing electronics is a key step towards this goal, ensuring a healthier planet by reducing waste and conserving resources.

What’s Covered?

What the law requires manufacturers to provide

Parts

Essential components available to fix any parts prone to wear or damage.

Tools

Specialized tools to perform maintenance, diagnostics, and repairs.

Documentation

Comprehensive instructions for routine care, troubleshooting issues, and repairing your device’s components.

What the Law Requires Repair Shops to Provide

The California Right to Repair Act includes limited, transparency-focused requirements for repair shops. These provisions are designed to ensure consumers understand who is repairing their device and what parts are being used—without imposing licensing or certification mandates on repair businesses. Key requirements include:

  1. Disclosure of Authorization Status: Repair shops must clearly disclose in writing, before performing a repair, if they are not authorized by the device manufacturer.

  2. Disclosure of Replacement Parts: Repair shops must inform customers if a repair uses used parts or replacement parts sourced from someone other than the manufacturer.

Beyond these disclosures, SB 244 does not require repair shops to obtain special certifications, follow manufacturer-mandated procedures, or implement specific data-handling or security protocols. The law focuses on transparency and consumer choice—not restricting who may offer repair services.

Key Dates

July 1, 2021

Applicable to products first sold or used in California on or after this date

July 1, 2024

Effective Date for Consumer Electronics and Home Appliances

How long must manufacturers support repairs?

Support requirements under SB 244 depend on product price:

Products priced $50–$99.99

Manufacturers must provide parts, tools, and documentation for at least 3 years after the last date the product model was manufactured.

Products priced $100 or more

Manufacturers must provide parts, tools, and documentation for at least 7 years after the last date the product model was manufactured.

These requirements apply regardless of warranty length.

Penalties and Enforcement

Under California’s Right to Repair Act, manufacturers are required to provide access to repair documentation, parts, and tools on fair and reasonable terms. Failure to do so—including imposing unreasonable costs, delays, or other barriers—may constitute a violation of the law.

SB 244 is enforced by public authorities. A city, county, city and county, or the California Attorney General may bring an enforcement action against manufacturers that knowingly violate the law, or reasonably should have known they were in violation.

Civil penalties increase with repeated violations:

  • $1,000 per day for a first violation

  • $2,000 per day for a second violation

  • $5,000 per day for third and subsequent violations

If you believe a manufacturer is not complying with California’s Right to Repair law, you can report a potential violation using the link below.

Report a Violation

Resources

  • Now that Right to Repair is the law of the land in California, consumers can take advantage of a variety of resources. We’ve compiled a few to help get you started on your repairs. Expect more to become available as the law is implemented and manufacturers come into compliance.

    DIY Repair

    Repairing our stuff benefits the environment, the planet, and the local economy. It also benefits you personally! When you repair a device, you build confidence, learn patience, and develop a skillset that will help you repair more devices. Think of DIY repair as a learning opportunity. Practice makes perfect, and practicing repairs teaches design, engineering, and how stuff works.

    Companies like iFixit offer free DIY repair manuals for tens of thousands of products. Manufacturers like Framework, Fairphone, Motorola, and HMD have also started to make DIY repair a core part of their product support.

    FIND A LOCAL REPAIR SHOP

    Repair jobs are local jobs, and thousands of locally owned and operated small and medium repair businesses have popped up in the last few years. Choosing a local repair business supports your local economy, and can save you money. Repair shops often are able to charge less than an authorized repair center through a manufacturer and they can fix what authorized repair can’t or won’t.

    To find a local repair shop, use a local business directory in your community.

  • Under the Right to Repair law, manufacturers are obligated to facilitate repairs. While this might appear overwhelming for some businesses, achieving compliance is straightforward. Manufacturers can readily extend the capabilities they offer to authorized repair centers. In cases where a manufacturer lacks a service center, several alternatives are available.

    Build It From Scratch

    Companies such as Fairphone and Framework have designed their products prioritizing ease of part replacement, making them naturally compliant with repair regulations. This approach is particularly feasible for new enterprises. Yet, for established corporations, initiating a repair-friendly platform can present challenges. The shift requires a cultural transformation towards openness and away from tight control, along with overcoming logistical and data management hurdles.

    Use a third-party network

    Apple's choice to partner with a third-party service for its Self Service Repair program illustrates another pathway, even if it deviates from the usual Apple finesse. Similarly, Samsung's collaboration with local repair services like uBreakiFix shows how outsourcing can effectively meet repair requirements—providing parts, tools, and guides without significant complications.

    Create a Repair Ecosystem

    For manufacturers interested in exploring how to build or enhance a repair ecosystem, further resources and guidance are available. iFixit, a leader in the repair community, offers a comprehensive suite of services tailored to support manufacturers at every step of the process. From repairability assessments to technical documentation and parts distribution, iFixit's expertise can help manufacturers navigate the complexities of creating products that are both durable and repairable.

    Learn more about iFixit's offerings and how they can assist your company in developing a robust repair ecosystem by visiting iFixit's website.